Working Principle of DC Generator
There are two types of generators, one is
ac generator and other is DC generator. Whatever may be the types of
generators, it always converts mechanical power to electrical power. An AC generator produces alternating
power. A DC generator produces direct power. Both of these generators produce
electrical power, based on same fundamental principle of Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction. According to this law, when a conductor moves
in a magnetic field it cuts magnetic lines of force, due to which an
emf is induced in the conductor. The magnitude of this induced emf depends upon
the rate of change of flux (magnetic line force) linkage with the
conductor. This emf will cause a current to flow if the conductor
circuit is closed .Hence the most basic tow essential parts of a generator are
1) Magnetic Field
2) Conductor Which Moves Inside The Magnetic Field.
It is seen that in the first half of the revolution current
flows always along ABLMCD i.e. brush no 1 in contact with segment a. In the
next half revolution, in the figure the direction of the induced current in the
coil is reversed. But at the same time the position of the segments a and b are
also reversed which results that brush no 1 comes in touch with the segment b.
Hence, the current in the load resistance again flows from L to M.
The wave from of the current through the load circuit is as shown in the
figure. This current is unidirectional.
This is basic working principle of DC generator,
explained by single loop generator model. The position of the brushes of
DC generator is so arranged that the change over of the segments a and b
from one brush to other takes place when the plane of rotating coil is at right
angle to the plane of the lines of force. It is so become in that position, the
induced emf in the coil is zero.
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